Information about the article

Article type:
Original article

Index UDK: 340.1

Year, Volume, Number:
2025, Vol. 13, № 3 (51)

Pages: 59-68

Classification of legal relations, exempting from legal liability

Dmitry S. Kuzmin
Postgraduate Student, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Civil Law and Process, Tolyatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya street, Tolyatti, 445057, Russia, mr.kuzmin323@.mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6552-5780

EDN: XXNEMZ
DOI: 10.21685/2307-9525-2025-13-3-7

Category: PUBLIC LEGAL (STATE LEGAL) SCIENCES

For citation:
Kuzmin D.S. Classification of legal relations, exempting from legal liability. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal "Nauka. Obshchestvo. Gosudarstvo" = Electronic scientific journal "Science. Society. State". 2025;13(3):59–68. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2307-9525-2025-13-3-7

...................................

Received: 22.05.2025

Accepted: 30.07.2025
.......................................

Open access

Abstract
Background. Legal relations that exempt from legal liability represent a certain system. One of the tools for building any system is the classification of its constituent elements. The issue of classifying the types of legal relations exempting from legal liability is poorly developed in the scientific literature. This circumstance determines the relevance of the topic of the article. The purpose of this work is an attempt to classify the types of legal relations that exempt from legal liability. Materials and methods. The proposed classification of legal relations exempting from legal liability is based on some criteria used to classify types of legal liability (by industry, by scope, etc.), since exemption from legal liability is its sub-institution. General classification recommendations were also used (definition of basic units, broad generalizations, and the possibility of practical application). These rules do not allow for the classification of legal relations exempting from legal liability by the "nature of the impact" (repressive and compensatory) and by the "grounds of occurrence" (objective and subjective). As having no practical significance, they should not be divided into "simple" and "complex", as well as on the basis of "involving legal entities and individuals." General scientific methods were used in the work: systematic, logical, as well as particular methods: comparative legal and formal legal. Results. An attempt to comply with these requirements leads to the conclusion that the classification of types of legal relations exempting from legal liability should be carried out by industry, as well as "by scope" (public law and civil law), by "procedure of application" (judicial and judicial-administrative), by "moment of occurrence" (general and specific). For some reasons, only one type of legal liability can be distinguished. Conclusions. The classification of types of legal relations exempting from legal liability will look like this: by industry: criminal, administrative, tax; by scope: public law; by order of application: judicial and administrative; by time of occurrence: general and specific.

Keywords
legal liability, classification, legal relations that exempt from legal liability

References

1. Subbotin A.L. Klassifikatsiya: monografiya = Classification: monograph. Moscow: IF RAN, 2001:94. (In Russ.)

2. Ponkin I.V., Red'kina A.I. Classification as a method of scientific research, particularly in legal science. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki = Bulletin of Perm University. Legal Sciences. 2017;(37):249–259. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17072/1995-4190-2017-37-249-259

3. Kuz'min D.S. On the concept of exemption from legal liability. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava = Theory of state and law. 2024;(2):111–122. (In Russ.). doi: 10.25839/MATGIP_2024_2_36_111

4. Kuz'min D.S. To the issue of the concept of legal relations that exempt from legal liability. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal «Nauka. Obshchestvo. Gosudarstvo» = Electronic scientific journal “Science. Society. State”. 2024;12(3):44–52. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2307-9525-2024-12-3-5

5. Lipinskiy D.A. Problemy yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti = Legal liability issues. Saint Petersburg: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2003:387. (In Russ.)

6. Vitruk N.V. Obshchaya teoriya yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti: monografiya = General theory of legal responsibility: monograph. Moscow: Norma, 2009:431. (In Russ.)

7. Bazylev B.T. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost' (teoreticheskie voprosy): monografiya = Legal liability (theoretical issues): monograph. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 1985:120. (In Russ.)

8. Matuzov N.I., Mal'ko A.V. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava = Theory of state and law. Moscow: Delo, 2021:528. (In Russ.)

9. Dukhno N.A., Ivakin V.I. Concept and types of legal liability. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and law. 2000;(6):12–17. (In Russ.)

10. Zhuravleva O.O. Financial responsibility in the system of legal responsibility. Finansovoe pravo = Financial law. 2004;(4):23–28. (In Russ.)

11. Leyst O.E. The main types of legal liability for an offense. Pravovedenie = Jurisprudence. 1977;(3):31–39. (In Russ.)

12. Voplenko N.N. On the concepts of "type" and "subtype" of legal liability. Leningradskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal = Leningrad law journal. 2006;(2):41–53. (In Russ.)

13. Kirsanova A.V. Pravootnoshenie yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti: monografiya = Legal relationship of legal liability: monograph. Samara: SaGA, 2009:174. (In Russ.)

14. Kislukhin V.A. Types of legal liability: PhD abstract. Moscow, 2002:28. (In Russ.)

15. Lipinskiy D.A., Romanova V.V., Repeteva O.E. et al. Institut yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti: monografiya = Institute of legal responsibility: monograph. Moscow: INFRA-M, 2022:230. (In Russ.)

16. Kuz'min I.A. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost' i ee realizatsiya = Legal liability and its implementation. Irkutsk: Irkutskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2013:219. (In Russ.)

17. Khachaturov R.L. (ed.). Pravootnosheniya v sovremennoy pravovoy real'nosti: traditsionnye podkhody i novye kontseptsii: monografiya = Legal relations in modern legal reality: traditional approaches and new concepts: monograph. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2019:464. (In Russ.)

18. Ivakhnenko S.N. Legal liability in modern Russian law (problems of legal understanding): PhD abstract. Stavropol, 2005:22. (In Russ.)

19. Serkov P.P. On the concept of legal liability. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law. 2010;(8):42–49. (In Russ.)

20. Leyst O.E. Sanktsii i otvetstvennost' po sovetskomu pravu (teoreticheskie problemy) = Sanctions and liability under Soviet law (theoretical problems). Moscow: MGU, 1981:240. (In Russ.)

21. Marchenko M.N. (resp. ed.). Obshchaya teoriya gosudarstva i prava. Akademicheskiy kurs: v 3 t. T. 3: Gosudarstvo, pravo, obshchestvo = General theory of state and law. Academic course: in 3 volumes: State, law, society. Moscow: Norma, 2007:698. (In Russ.)

22. Danilenko V.N. Problems of the concept and classification of legal liability. Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putey soobshcheniya = Bulletin of the Siberian State Transport University. 2013;(29):92–96. (In Russ.)

23. Luchkov V.V. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost' v mekhanizme pravovogo regulirovaniya: monografiya = Legal liability in the mechanism of legal regulation: monograph. Tol'yatti: Volzhskiy un-t im. V.N. Tatishcheva, 2004:167. (In Russ.)

Дата создания: 22.09.2025 12:04
Дата обновления: 22.09.2025 18:22